Supercritical carbon dioxide as a new working medium for pneumatic launch: A theoretical study

Compared with the conventionally gaseous or liquid working media, the specific internal energy of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) is higher at the same temperature and pressure, and the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is close to room temperature, making SCD a potential new working medium for pneumatic launch. To analyze the feasibility of this conception, an analytical model of a pneumatic catapult is established on basis of the conservations of mass and energy. The model consists of a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber connected by multiple valves, and there is a movable piston in the low-pressure chamber that can push an aircraft to accelerate. The effects of the launch readiness state of SCD in the high-pressure chamber, the initial volume of the low-pressure chamber and the valve control on the movement of the aircraft are analyzed. It is found that there is a restrictive relation between the temperature and pressure of the launch readiness state of SCD, i.e., there is a maximum allowable launch readiness pressure when the launch readiness temperature is fixed. If this restrictive relation is not satisfied, the working medium in the low-pressure chamber will drop to its triple point within a few milliseconds, leading to a launch failure. Owing to this restrictive relation, there is an optimal launch readiness state of SCD with the highest working capacity for any allowable launch readiness temperature. The pressure of the low-pressure chamber will decrease significantly as the initial volume increases, leading to a decreased acceleration of the aircraft. The ac-celeration can be controlled below a critical value by a designed sequential blasting technique of multiple valves. The calculated results show that a 500 kg aircraft can be accelerated from 0 to 58 m/s in 0.9 s with 36 kg of carbon dioxide. This research provides a new technique for the controllable cold launch of an aircraft.     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

Influence of propagation direction on operation performance of rotating detonation combustor with turbine guide vane

Due to the pressure gain combustion characteristics, the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) can enhance thermodynamic cycle efficiency. Therefore, the performance of gas-turbine engine can be further improved with this combustion technology. In the present study, the RDC operation performance with a turbine guide vane (TGV) is experimentally investigated. Hydrogen and air are used as propellants while hydrogen and air mass flow rate are about 16.1 g/s and 500 g/s and the equivalence ratio is about 1.0. A pre-detonator is used to ignite the mixture. High-frequency dynamic pressure transducers and silicon pressure sensors are employed to measure pressure oscillations and static pressure in the combustion chamber. The experimental results show that the steady propagation of rotating detonation wave (RDW) is observed in the combustion chamber and the mean propagation velocity is above 1650 m/s, reaching over 84% of theoretical Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity. Clockwise and counterclockwise propagation directions of RDW are obtained. For clockwise propagation direction, the static pressure is about 15% higher in the combustor compared with counterclockwise propagation direction, but the RDW dominant frequency is lower. When the oblique shock wave propagates across the TGV, the pressure oscillations reduces significantly. In addition, as the detonation products flow through the TGV, the static pressure drops up to 32% and 43% for clockwise and counterclockwise propagation process respectively.     

战争潜力目标应对电磁威胁的防护分级分析

基于层次分析法和分级分类防护思想,依据"重要性"、"易损性"、"可恢复性"和"可防护性"4个指标,分析研究战争潜力目标应对电磁威胁的防护分级问题,并给出了指标赋值、指标权重确定以及防护等级计算的方法,对充分发挥有限防护资源的防护效益,提高防护效能具有重要参考作用.     

军用装备基于状态的维修策略研究

基于状态的维修(CBM)是设备(武器系统)预报初始故障的主动维修的一种形式[1],是本世纪初国内外维修领域研究的热点课题.研究目的是进一步推进基于状态的维修理论在军用装备领域的研究与应用.通过分析维修技术的变化和维修所面临的挑战,说明了CBM是一种更有效的维修方式.文章首先从技术的角度分析CBM可行性,采用流程图的方法对基于状态的维修工作过程(包括状态监控、故障诊断和预测、维修决策)进行了说明,最后探讨了基于状态的维修的发展趋势.研究证明,CBM具有很好的应用前景.     

从《资治通鉴》看司马光的边防思想

作为一位著名的学者和政治家,司马光的边防思想是丰富而深刻的。本文试图从其史著《资治通鉴》入手,探究其边防思想的文化底蕴和基本内涵,以期有助于对司马光民族、边防以及政治思想的正确认识和评价。     

基于U-D分解滤波的交互多模型算法

简要回顾了基于相控阵雷达的三维空间中机动目标建模与自适应跟踪的机理,针对交互多模型算法在其跟踪应用过程中可能会出现的滤波发散问题,提出了一种基于U-D分解的交互多模型目标跟踪算法.该算法可以有效地限制交互多模型算法滤波计算过程中的滤波发散的可能性,从而使得IMM算法更加稳定.     

传感器/武器——目标分配问题的两种规划模型及求解

通过分析现代火力打击作战中传感器——目标分配与武器——目标分配间的相互关系,在武器——目标分配问题基础上提出了传感器/武器——目标分配问题.依据目标被毁伤概率的两种计算方法,给出了该问题的两种规划模型,在武器目标分配时一种模型考虑所有可能被截获的目标,而另一种模型则只考虑被传感器截获的期望目标集合.根据模型特点在应用遗传算法对问题进行求解时,设计了异体交换算子和段内交换算子等两种新的遗传操作算子.最后通过仿真算例对两种模型进行了验证.     

系统误差下航迹关联算法

针对系统误差对目标航迹的影响,提出了一种新的系统误差下航迹关联算法,该算法采用模糊综合决策的思想,抓住目标航迹的不变信息建立模糊因素集,通过构建目标航迹紧密度矩阵提取最有可能的航迹关联对,从而达到系统误差下航迹关联的目的,通过典型环境下的仿真,验证了该算法在传感器组网存在系统误差情况下进行航迹关联的优越性,其具有较好的航迹关联效果和较强的鲁棒性。